Tijdseinzender: verschil tussen versies

Uit Radiopedia
Geen bewerkingssamenvatting
(clean up, replaced: <ref → <ref (37))
Regel 20: Regel 20:
| Shangqiu City, Henan, China
| Shangqiu City, Henan, China
|  
|  
| 68,5 kHz
| 68,5&nbsp;kHz
|  
|  
| Ontvangers moeten een licentie hebben.<ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref>
| Ontvangers moeten een licentie hebben.<ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref>
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| [[DCF77]] <ref name="DCF77">http://www.ptb.de/cms/en/fachabteilungen/abt4/fb-44/ag-442/dissemination-of-legal-time/dcf77.html</ref><ref name="DCF77a">http://www.dcf77.de/</ref>
| [[DCF77]]<ref name="DCF77">http://www.ptb.de/cms/en/fachabteilungen/abt4/fb-44/ag-442/dissemination-of-legal-time/dcf77.html</ref><ref name="DCF77a">http://www.dcf77.de/</ref>
| D
| D
| Mainflingen, Duitsland
| Mainflingen, Duitsland
| {{coordinate|text=/|NS=50/0/56/N|EW=9/0/39/E|type=landmark|region=DE-HE|name=DCF77}}
| {{coordinate|text=/|NS=50/0/56/N|EW=9/0/39/E|type=landmark|region=DE-HE|name=DCF77}}
| 77,5 kHz
| 77,5&nbsp;kHz
| 50 kW
| 50&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
Regel 36: Regel 36:
| Rugby, Verenigd Koninkrijk
| Rugby, Verenigd Koninkrijk
|  
|  
| 15,8 kHz
| 15,8&nbsp;kHz
| 750 kW
| 750&nbsp;kW
| Sinds november 1986 buiten bedrijf.
| Sinds november 1986 buiten bedrijf.
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
Regel 44: Regel 44:
| Rugby, Verenigd Koninkrijk
| Rugby, Verenigd Koninkrijk
|  
|  
| 16,6 kHz
| 16,6&nbsp;kHz
|  
|  
| Reserve voor GBR.
| Reserve voor GBR.
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| HBG <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref>
| HBG<ref name="RTS"/>
| SUI
| SUI
| Prangins, Zwitserland
| Prangins, Zwitserland
| 46° 24′ 30,2″ N, 6° 15′ 10,1″ O
| 46° 24′ 30,2″ N, 6° 15′ 10,1″ O
| 75 kHz
| 75&nbsp;kHz
| 20 kW
| 20&nbsp;kW
| Sinds 1 januari 2012 buiten bedrijf.
| Sinds 1 januari 2012 buiten bedrijf.
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="2"|JJY <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref> <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref>
| rowspan="2"|JJY<ref name="RTS"/><ref name="RTS"/>
| rowspan="2"|J
| rowspan="2"|J
| Fukushima, Japan
| Fukushima, Japan
|  
|  
| 40 kHz
| 40&nbsp;kHz
| 50 kW
| 50&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| Fukuoka, Japan
| Fukuoka, Japan
|  
|  
| 60 kHz
| 60&nbsp;kHz
| 50 kW
| 50&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| MSF <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref>
| MSF<ref name="RTS"/>
| G
| G
| Anthorn, Verenigd Koninkrijk
| Anthorn, Verenigd Koninkrijk
| {{coordinate|text=/|NS=54.911|EW=-3.280|type=landmark|region=UK|name=MSF}}
| {{coordinate|text=/|NS=54.911|EW=-3.280|type=landmark|region=UK|name=MSF}}
| 60 kHz
| 60&nbsp;kHz
| 15 kW
| 15&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| OMA <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref><ref name="zcu">http://home.zcu.cz/~poupa/oma50.html</ref>
| OMA<ref name="RTS"/><ref name="zcu">http://home.zcu.cz/~poupa/oma50.html</ref>
| CZE
| CZE
| Podebray, Tjechië
| Podebray, Tjechië
| {{coordinate|text=/|NS=50/08/00/N|EW=15/08/00/E|type=landmark|region=CZ|name=OMA}}
| {{coordinate|text=/|NS=50/08/00/N|EW=15/08/00/E|type=landmark|region=CZ|name=OMA}}
| 50 kHz
| 50&nbsp;kHz
| 50 kW
| 50&nbsp;kW
| In bedrijf van april 1958 tot voorjaar 1995.
| In bedrijf van april 1958 tot voorjaar 1995.
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| PPR <ref name="langwellen">{{citation|date=2000|title=Langwellen- und Längstwellenfunk|author1=Gerd Klawitter|author2=Klaus Herold|author3=Michael Oexner|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783896320438}}</ref>  
| PPR<ref name="langwellen">{{citation|date=2000|title=Langwellen- und Längstwellenfunk|author1=Gerd Klawitter|author2=Klaus Herold|author3=Michael Oexner|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783896320438}}</ref>  
| B
| B
| Rio de Janeiro
| Rio de Janeiro
| 22° 59' S, 43° 11' W
| 22° 59' S, 43° 11' W
| 432 kHz
| 432&nbsp;kHz
| 10 kW
| 10&nbsp;kW
| Uitzendtijden (UTC): 01:30,14 ;30 en 21:30 uur
| Uitzendtijden (UTC): 01:30,14 ;30 en 21:30 uur
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| RTZ <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref>
| RTZ<ref name="RTS"/>
| RUS
| RUS
| Irkutsk, Rusland
| Irkutsk, Rusland
| 52° 18' N, 104° 18' O
| 52° 18' N, 104° 18' O
| 50 kHz
| 50&nbsp;kHz
| 10 kW
| 10&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| RBU <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref>
| RBU<ref name="RTS"/>
| RUS
| RUS
| Moskou, Rusland
| Moskou, Rusland
| 55° 19' N, 38° 41' O
| 55° 19' N, 38° 41' O
| 66,66 kHz
| 66,66&nbsp;kHz
| 10 kW
| 10&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="5"|UQC3 <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| rowspan="5"|UQC3<ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| rowspan="5"|RUS
| rowspan="5"|RUS
| rowspan="5"|Khabarovsk, Rusland
| rowspan="5"|Khabarovsk, Rusland
| rowspan="5"|48° 30' N 134° 51' O
| rowspan="5"|48° 30' N 134° 51' O
| 20,5 kHz
| 20,5&nbsp;kHz
| 300 kW
| 300&nbsp;kW
|
|
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
| 25 kHz
| 25&nbsp;kHz
| 300 kW
| 300&nbsp;kW
|
|
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
| 25,1 kHz
| 25,1&nbsp;kHz
| 300 kW
| 300&nbsp;kW
|
|
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
| 25,5 kHz
| 25,5&nbsp;kHz
| 300 kW
| 300&nbsp;kW
|
|
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
| 23 kHz
| 23&nbsp;kHz
| 300 kW
| 300&nbsp;kW
|
|
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="5"|UTR3 <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| rowspan="5"|UTR3<ref name="heret"/>
| rowspan="5"|RUS
| rowspan="5"|RUS
| rowspan="5"|Gorki, Rusland
| rowspan="5"|Gorki, Rusland
| rowspan="5"|56° 11' N 43° 58' O
| rowspan="5"|56° 11' N 43° 58' O
| 20,5 kHz
| 20,5&nbsp;kHz
| 300 kW
| 300&nbsp;kW
|
|
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
| 25 kHz
| 25&nbsp;kHz
| 300 kW
| 300&nbsp;kW
|
|
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
| 25,1 kHz
| 25,1&nbsp;kHz
| 300 kW
| 300&nbsp;kW
|
|
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
| 25,5 kHz
| 25,5&nbsp;kHz
| 300 kW
| 300&nbsp;kW
|
|
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
|- style="vertical-align: top"  
| 23 kHz
| 23&nbsp;kHz
| 300 kW
| 300&nbsp;kW
|
|
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| WWVB <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref><ref name="WWVB">http://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/grp40/wwvb.cfm</ref>
| WWVB<ref name="RTS"/><ref name="WWVB">http://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/grp40/wwvb.cfm</ref>
| USA
| USA
| Ft. Collins, Colorado, Verenigde Staten
| Ft. Collins, Colorado, Verenigde Staten
| 40° 40' N, 105° 03' W
| 40° 40' N, 105° 03' W
| 60 kHz
| 60&nbsp;kHz
| 50 kW
| 50&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|}
|}
Regel 177: Regel 177:
! width="160pt"|Opmerking
! width="160pt"|Opmerking
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="3"|ATA <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| rowspan="3"|ATA<ref name="heret"/>
| rowspan="3"|IND
| rowspan="3"|IND
| rowspan="3"|New Dehli, India
| rowspan="3"|New Dehli, India
| rowspan="3"|28° 34' N, 77° 19' O
| rowspan="3"|28° 34' N, 77° 19' O
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
| 8 kW
| 8&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 10.000 kHz
| 10.000&nbsp;kHz
| 8 kW
| 8&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 15.000 kHz
| 15.000&nbsp;kHz
| 8 kW
| 8&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="3"|BPM <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| rowspan="3"|BPM<ref name="heret"/>
| rowspan="3"|CHN
| rowspan="3"|CHN
| rowspan="3"|Pucheng, China
| rowspan="3"|Pucheng, China
| rowspan="3"|35° 00' N, 109° 31' O
| rowspan="3"|35° 00' N, 109° 31' O
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
| 10-20 kW
| 10-20&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 10.000 kHz
| 10.000&nbsp;kHz
| 10-20 kW
| 10-20&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 15.000 kHz
| 15.000&nbsp;kHz
| 10-20 kW
| 10-20&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="2"|BSF <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref>  
| rowspan="2"|BSF<ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref>  
| rowspan="2"|TWN
| rowspan="2"|TWN
| rowspan="2"|Chung-Li, Taiwan
| rowspan="2"|Chung-Li, Taiwan
| rowspan="2"|
| rowspan="2"|
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
|  
|  
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 15.000 kHz
| 15.000&nbsp;kHz
|  
|  
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="3"|CHU <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref>  
| rowspan="3"|CHU<ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste"/>  
| rowspan="3"|CAN
| rowspan="3"|CAN
| rowspan="3"|Ottawa, Canada
| rowspan="3"|Ottawa, Canada
| rowspan="3"|45° 18' N, 75° 45' W
| rowspan="3"|45° 18' N, 75° 45' W
| 3.330 kHz
| 3.330&nbsp;kHz
| 3 kW
| 3&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 7.335 kHz
| 7.335&nbsp;kHz
| 10 kW
| 10&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 14.670 kHz
| 14.670&nbsp;kHz
| 3 kW
| 3&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="2"|EBC <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| rowspan="2"|EBC<ref name="heret"/>
| rowspan="2"|E
| rowspan="2"|E
| rowspan="2"|San Fernando, Spanje
| rowspan="2"|San Fernando, Spanje
| rowspan="2"|36° 28' N, 06° 12' W
| rowspan="2"|36° 28' N, 06° 12' W
| 6.840 kHz
| 6.840&nbsp;kHz
| 1 kW
| 1&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 12.008 kHz
| 12.008&nbsp;kHz
| 1 kW
| 1&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| FFH <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| FFH<ref name="heret"/>
| CHN
| CHN
| Parijs, Frankrijk
| Parijs, Frankrijk
| 48° 33' N, 02°34' O
| 48° 33' N, 02°34' O
| 2.500 kHz
| 2.500&nbsp;kHz
| 5 kW
| 5&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| HLA <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref>  
| HLA<ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste"/>  
| KOR
| KOR
| Taejon, Zuid-Korea
| Taejon, Zuid-Korea
|  
|  
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
|  
|  
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| HD2IOA <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref>  
| HD2IOA<ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste"/>  
| EQA
| EQA
| Guayaquil, Equador
| Guayaquil, Equador
|  
|  
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
|  
|  
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| IAM <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| IAM<ref name="heret"/>
| I
| I
| Rome, Italië
| Rome, Italië
| 41° 47' N, 12° 27' O
| 41° 47' N, 12° 27' O
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
| 1 kW
| 1&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| IBF <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| IBF<ref name="heret"/>
| I
| I
| Turijn, Italië
| Turijn, Italië
| 45° 02' N, 07° 46' O
| 45° 02' N, 07° 46' O
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
| 5 kW
| 5&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="4"|JJY <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| rowspan="4"|JJY<ref name="heret"/>
| rowspan="4"|J
| rowspan="4"|J
| rowspan="4"|Tokio, Japan
| rowspan="4"|Tokio, Japan
| rowspan="4"|36° 11' N, 139° 51' O
| rowspan="4"|36° 11' N, 139° 51' O
| 2.500 kHz
| 2.500&nbsp;kHz
| 2 kW
| 2&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
| 2 kW
| 2&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 10.000 kHz
| 10.000&nbsp;kHz
| 2 kW
| 2&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 15.000 kHz
| 15.000&nbsp;kHz
| 2 kW
| 2&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="3"|LOL <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref>  
| rowspan="3"|LOL<ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste"/>  
| rowspan="3"|ARG
| rowspan="3"|ARG
| rowspan="3"|Buenos Aires, Argentinië
| rowspan="3"|Buenos Aires, Argentinië
| rowspan="3"|34° 37' N, 58° 21' W
| rowspan="3"|34° 37' N, 58° 21' W
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
| 2 kW
| 2&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 10.000 kHz
| 10.000&nbsp;kHz
| 2 kW
| 2&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 15.000 kHz
| 15.000&nbsp;kHz
| 2 kW
| 2&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="3"|MSF <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| rowspan="3"|MSF<ref name="heret"/>
| rowspan="3"|G
| rowspan="3"|G
| rowspan="3"|Rugby, Verenigd Koninkrijk
| rowspan="3"|Rugby, Verenigd Koninkrijk
| rowspan="3"|52° 22' N, 01° 11' W
| rowspan="3"|52° 22' N, 01° 11' W
| 2.500 kHz
| 2.500&nbsp;kHz
| 5 kW
| 5&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
| 5 kW
| 5&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 10.000 kHz
| 10.000&nbsp;kHz
| 5 kW
| 5&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| OMA <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| OMA<ref name="heret"/>
| CZE
| CZE
| Praag, Tjechië
| Praag, Tjechië
| 50° 07' N, 14° 35' O
| 50° 07' N, 14° 35' O
| 2.500 kHz
| 2.500&nbsp;kHz
| 1 kW
| 1&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| PPE <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref>  
| PPE<ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste"/>  
| B
| B
| Rio de Janeiro, Brazilië
| Rio de Janeiro, Brazilië
|  
|  
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
|  
|  
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| RCH <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| RCH<ref name="heret"/>
| UZB
| UZB
| Tashkent, Oezbekistan
| Tashkent, Oezbekistan
| 41° 19' N, 69° 15' O
| 41° 19' N, 69° 15' O
| 2.500 kHz
| 2.500&nbsp;kHz
| 1 kW
| 1&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="3"|RID <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| rowspan="3"|RID<ref name="heret"/>
| rowspan="3"|RUS
| rowspan="3"|RUS
| rowspan="3"|Irkutsk, Rusland
| rowspan="3"|Irkutsk, Rusland
| rowspan="3"|52° 46' N, 102° 39' O
| rowspan="3"|52° 46' N, 102° 39' O
| 5.004 kHz
| 5.004&nbsp;kHz
| 1 kW
| 1&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 10.004 kHz
| 10.004&nbsp;kHz
| 1 kW
| 1&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 15.004 kHz
| 15.004&nbsp;kHz
| 1 kW
| 1&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="2"|RIM <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| rowspan="2"|RIM<ref name="heret"/>
| rowspan="2"|UZB
| rowspan="2"|UZB
| rowspan="2"|Tashkent, Oezbekistan
| rowspan="2"|Tashkent, Oezbekistan
| rowspan="2"|41° 19' N, 69° 15' O
| rowspan="2"|41° 19' N, 69° 15' O
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
| 1 kW
| 1&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 10.000 kHz
| 10.000&nbsp;kHz
| 1 kW
| 1&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="3"|RWM <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref>  
| rowspan="3"|RWM<ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste"/>  
| rowspan="3"|RUS
| rowspan="3"|RUS
| rowspan="3"|Moskou, Rusland
| rowspan="3"|Moskou, Rusland
| rowspan="3"|55° 19' N, 38° 41' O
| rowspan="3"|55° 19' N, 38° 41' O
| 4.996 kHz
| 4.996&nbsp;kHz
| 5 kW
| 5&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 9.996 kHz
| 9.996&nbsp;kHz
| 5 kW
| 5&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 14.996 kHz
| 14.996&nbsp;kHz
| 8 kW
| 8&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="5"|VNG <ref name="Klingenfuss2002">{{citation|date=2002|title=2002 Guide to Utility Radio Stations (20th Edition)|author1=J. Klingenfuss|author1=P. Kenneth Seidelmann|publisher=[http://www.klingenfuss.de Klingenfuss]|place=|isbn=3924509026}}</ref>
| rowspan="5"|VNG<ref name="Klingenfuss2002">{{citation|date=2002|title=2002 Guide to Utility Radio Stations (20th Edition)|author1=J. Klingenfuss|author1=P. Kenneth Seidelmann|publisher=[http://www.klingenfuss.de Klingenfuss]|place=|isbn=3924509026}}</ref>
| rowspan="5"|AUS
| rowspan="5"|AUS
| rowspan="5"|Shanes Park, NSW, Australië
| rowspan="5"|Shanes Park, NSW, Australië
| rowspan="5"|
| rowspan="5"|
| 2.500 kHz
| 2.500&nbsp;kHz
|  
|  
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
|  
|  
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 8.638 kHz
| 8.638&nbsp;kHz
|  
|  
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 12.984 kHz
| 12.984&nbsp;kHz
|  
|  
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 16.000 kHz
| 16.000&nbsp;kHz
|  
|  
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="5"|WWVH <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| rowspan="5"|WWVH<ref name="heret"/>
| rowspan="5"|USA
| rowspan="5"|USA
| rowspan="5"|Fort Collins, Verenigde Staten
| rowspan="5"|Fort Collins, Verenigde Staten
| rowspan="5"|40° 41' N, 105° 02' W
| rowspan="5"|40° 41' N, 105° 02' W
| 2.500 kHz
| 2.500&nbsp;kHz
| 2,5 / 10 kW
| 2,5 / 10&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
| 2,5 / 10 kW
| 2,5 / 10&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 10.000 kHz
| 10.000&nbsp;kHz
| 2,5 / 10 kW
| 2,5 / 10&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 15.000 kHz
| 15.000&nbsp;kHz
| 2,5 / 10 kW
| 2,5 / 10&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 20.000 kHz
| 20.000&nbsp;kHz
| 2,5 / 10 kW
| 2,5 / 10&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="4"|WWVH <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| rowspan="4"|WWVH<ref name="heret"/>
| rowspan="4"|USA
| rowspan="4"|USA
| rowspan="4"|Hawaii, Verenigde Staten
| rowspan="4"|Hawaii, Verenigde Staten
| rowspan="4"|21° 59' N, 159° 46' W
| rowspan="4"|21° 59' N, 159° 46' W
| 2.500 kHz
| 2.500&nbsp;kHz
| 2,5 / 10 kW
| 2,5 / 10&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
| 2,5 / 10 kW
| 2,5 / 10&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 10.000 kHz
| 10.000&nbsp;kHz
| 2,5 / 10 kW
| 2,5 / 10&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 15.000 kHz
| 15.000&nbsp;kHz
| 2,5 / 10 kW
| 2,5 / 10&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| YVTO <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref>  
| YVTO<ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste"/>  
| VEN
| VEN
| Caracas, Venezuela
| Caracas, Venezuela
|  
|  
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
|  
|  
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| rowspan="3"|ZUO <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref>
| rowspan="3"|ZUO<ref name="heret"/>
| rowspan="3"|AFS
| rowspan="3"|AFS
| rowspan="3"|Pretoria, Zuid-Afrika
| rowspan="3"|Pretoria, Zuid-Afrika
| rowspan="3"|24° 58' S, 28° 14' O
| rowspan="3"|24° 58' S, 28° 14' O
| 2.500 kHz
| 2.500&nbsp;kHz
| 4 kW
| 4&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 5.000 kHz
| 5.000&nbsp;kHz
| 4 kW
| 4&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| 10.000 kHz
| 10.000&nbsp;kHz
| 4 kW
| 4&nbsp;kW
|  
|  
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|- style="vertical-align: top"
| Espoo <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref>  
| Espoo<ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste"/>  
| FIN
| FIN
| Espoo, Finland
| Espoo, Finland
|  
|  
| 25.000 kHz
| 25.000&nbsp;kHz
|  
|  
| Universiteit Otaniemi
| Universiteit Otaniemi

Versie van 2 jul 2012 15:24

Antenne van tijdseinzender WWVB.

Tijdseinzenders zenden de tijd in zowel akoestische als in machine-leesbare tijdcode vorm uit. Dit kan worden gebruikt als referentie voor radioklokken en radiogestuurde horloges.[1] Met een betrekkelijk eenvoudige ontvanger is het mogelijk een radiografische klok te maken die synchroniseert met een tijdseinzender en hooguit enige tientallen milliseconden afwijkt.

Tijdseinzenders op de langegolf hebben zeer voorspelbare propagatie kenmerken, die een hoge nauwkeurigheid in de ontvangen tijdsignalen geeft. Stations op de kortegolf bereiken een groter gebied met een relatief laag vermogen, maar de wisselende afstand die het signaal reist, verhoogt de onzekerheid van het tijdsignaal op een schaal van milliseconden.[1]

Sinds 1905 worden er tijdsein signalen uitgezonden via de radio.[2] Er zijn speciale tijdseinzenders over de hele wereld.

Tijdseinzenders op de langegolf

Zender ITU Locatie Coördinaten Frequentie Vermogen Opmerking
BPC CHN Shangqiu City, Henan, China 68,5 kHz Ontvangers moeten een licentie hebben.[3]
DCF77[4][5] D Mainflingen, Duitsland 50° 0′ 56″ N, 9° 0′ 39″ O50.0155555555569.0108333333333 77,5 kHz 50 kW
GBR G Rugby, Verenigd Koninkrijk 15,8 kHz 750 kW Sinds november 1986 buiten bedrijf.
GBZ G Rugby, Verenigd Koninkrijk 16,6 kHz Reserve voor GBR.
HBG[3] SUI Prangins, Zwitserland 46° 24′ 30,2″ N, 6° 15′ 10,1″ O 75 kHz 20 kW Sinds 1 januari 2012 buiten bedrijf.
JJY[3][3] J Fukushima, Japan 40 kHz 50 kW
Fukuoka, Japan 60 kHz 50 kW
MSF[3] G Anthorn, Verenigd Koninkrijk 54° 54′ 40″ N, 3° 16′ 48″ W54.911-3.28 60 kHz 15 kW
OMA[3][6] CZE Podebray, Tjechië 50° 8′ 0″ N, 15° 8′ 0″ O50.13333333333315.133333333333 50 kHz 50 kW In bedrijf van april 1958 tot voorjaar 1995.
PPR[7] B Rio de Janeiro 22° 59' S, 43° 11' W 432 kHz 10 kW Uitzendtijden (UTC): 01:30,14 ;30 en 21:30 uur
RTZ[3] RUS Irkutsk, Rusland 52° 18' N, 104° 18' O 50 kHz 10 kW
RBU[3] RUS Moskou, Rusland 55° 19' N, 38° 41' O 66,66 kHz 10 kW
UQC3[8] RUS Khabarovsk, Rusland 48° 30' N 134° 51' O 20,5 kHz 300 kW
25 kHz 300 kW
25,1 kHz 300 kW
25,5 kHz 300 kW
23 kHz 300 kW
UTR3[8] RUS Gorki, Rusland 56° 11' N 43° 58' O 20,5 kHz 300 kW
25 kHz 300 kW
25,1 kHz 300 kW
25,5 kHz 300 kW
23 kHz 300 kW
WWVB[3][9] USA Ft. Collins, Colorado, Verenigde Staten 40° 40' N, 105° 03' W 60 kHz 50 kW

Tijdseinzenders op de kortegolf

Zender ITU Locatie Coördinaten Frequentie Vermogen Opmerking
ATA[8] IND New Dehli, India 28° 34' N, 77° 19' O 5.000 kHz 8 kW
10.000 kHz 8 kW
15.000 kHz 8 kW
BPM[8] CHN Pucheng, China 35° 00' N, 109° 31' O 5.000 kHz 10-20 kW
10.000 kHz 10-20 kW
15.000 kHz 10-20 kW
BSF[10] TWN Chung-Li, Taiwan 5.000 kHz
15.000 kHz
CHU[10] CAN Ottawa, Canada 45° 18' N, 75° 45' W 3.330 kHz 3 kW
7.335 kHz 10 kW
14.670 kHz 3 kW
EBC[8] E San Fernando, Spanje 36° 28' N, 06° 12' W 6.840 kHz 1 kW
12.008 kHz 1 kW
FFH[8] CHN Parijs, Frankrijk 48° 33' N, 02°34' O 2.500 kHz 5 kW
HLA[10] KOR Taejon, Zuid-Korea 5.000 kHz
HD2IOA[10] EQA Guayaquil, Equador 5.000 kHz
IAM[8] I Rome, Italië 41° 47' N, 12° 27' O 5.000 kHz 1 kW
IBF[8] I Turijn, Italië 45° 02' N, 07° 46' O 5.000 kHz 5 kW
JJY[8] J Tokio, Japan 36° 11' N, 139° 51' O 2.500 kHz 2 kW
5.000 kHz 2 kW
10.000 kHz 2 kW
15.000 kHz 2 kW
LOL[10] ARG Buenos Aires, Argentinië 34° 37' N, 58° 21' W 5.000 kHz 2 kW
10.000 kHz 2 kW
15.000 kHz 2 kW
MSF[8] G Rugby, Verenigd Koninkrijk 52° 22' N, 01° 11' W 2.500 kHz 5 kW
5.000 kHz 5 kW
10.000 kHz 5 kW
OMA[8] CZE Praag, Tjechië 50° 07' N, 14° 35' O 2.500 kHz 1 kW
PPE[10] B Rio de Janeiro, Brazilië 5.000 kHz
RCH[8] UZB Tashkent, Oezbekistan 41° 19' N, 69° 15' O 2.500 kHz 1 kW
RID[8] RUS Irkutsk, Rusland 52° 46' N, 102° 39' O 5.004 kHz 1 kW
10.004 kHz 1 kW
15.004 kHz 1 kW
RIM[8] UZB Tashkent, Oezbekistan 41° 19' N, 69° 15' O 5.000 kHz 1 kW
10.000 kHz 1 kW
RWM[10] RUS Moskou, Rusland 55° 19' N, 38° 41' O 4.996 kHz 5 kW
9.996 kHz 5 kW
14.996 kHz 8 kW
VNG[11] AUS Shanes Park, NSW, Australië 2.500 kHz
5.000 kHz
8.638 kHz
12.984 kHz
16.000 kHz
WWVH[8] USA Fort Collins, Verenigde Staten 40° 41' N, 105° 02' W 2.500 kHz 2,5 / 10 kW
5.000 kHz 2,5 / 10 kW
10.000 kHz 2,5 / 10 kW
15.000 kHz 2,5 / 10 kW
20.000 kHz 2,5 / 10 kW
WWVH[8] USA Hawaii, Verenigde Staten 21° 59' N, 159° 46' W 2.500 kHz 2,5 / 10 kW
5.000 kHz 2,5 / 10 kW
10.000 kHz 2,5 / 10 kW
15.000 kHz 2,5 / 10 kW
YVTO[10] VEN Caracas, Venezuela 5.000 kHz
ZUO[8] AFS Pretoria, Zuid-Afrika 24° 58' S, 28° 14' O 2.500 kHz 4 kW
5.000 kHz 4 kW
10.000 kHz 4 kW
Espoo[10] FIN Espoo, Finland 25.000 kHz Universiteit Otaniemi

Referenties

  1. ↑ a b Dennis D. McCarthy; P. Kenneth Seidelmann (2009), Time: From Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics, Wiley-VCH, ISBN 352740780  Citefout: Ongeldig label <ref>; de naam "EarthRotation" wordt meerdere keren met andere inhoud gedefinieerd.
  2. ↑ R.W. Burns (2005), Communications: an international history of the formative years, IET, ISBN 0863413277 
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/
  4. ↑ http://www.ptb.de/cms/en/fachabteilungen/abt4/fb-44/ag-442/dissemination-of-legal-time/dcf77.html
  5. ↑ http://www.dcf77.de/
  6. ↑ http://home.zcu.cz/~poupa/oma50.html
  7. ↑ Gerd Klawitter; Klaus Herold; Michael Oexner (2000), Langwellen- und Längstwellenfunk, Siebel Verlag, ISBN 9783896320438 
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm
  9. ↑ http://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/grp40/wwvb.cfm
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Michael Marten (2011), Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12, Siebel Verlag, ISBN 9783881806923 
  11. ↑ P. Kenneth Seidelmann (2002), 2002 Guide to Utility Radio Stations (20th Edition), Klingenfuss, ISBN 3924509026 
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