Bewerken van Gebruiker:Vincent/Kladblok/Tijdseinzender
Uit Radiopedia
Deze bewerking kan ongedaan gemaakt worden. Hieronder staat de tekst waarin de wijziging ongedaan is gemaakt. Controleer voor het publiceren of het resultaat gewenst is.
Huidige versie | Uw tekst | ||
Regel 1: | Regel 1: | ||
[[File:WWVB Antenna.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Antenne van tijdseinzender WWVB, Ft. Collins, Colorado, Verenigde Staten.]] | |||
'''Tijdseinzenders''' zenden de tijd in zowel akoestische als in machine-leesbare tijdcode vorm uit. Dit kan worden gebruikt als referentie voor radio klokken en radiogestuurde horloges. <ref name="EarthRotation">{{citation|date=2009|title=Time: From Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics|author1=Dennis D. McCarthy|author2=P. Kenneth Seidelmann|publisher=Wiley-VCH|place=|isbn=352740780}}</ref> Met een betrekkelijk eenvoudige ontvanger is het mogelijk een radiografische klok te maken die synchroniseert met een tijdseinzender en hooguit enige tientallen milliseconden afwijkt. | |||
Tijdseinzenders op de [[langegolf]] hebben zeer voorspelbare propagatie kenmerken, die een hoge nauwkeurigheid in de ontvangen tijdsignalen geeft. Stations op de [[kortegolf]] bereiken een groter gebied met een relatief laag vermogen, maar de wisselende afstand die het signaal reist verhoogt de onzekerheid van het tijdsignaal op een schaal van milliseconden. <ref name="EarthRotation">{{citation|date=2009|title=Time: From Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics|author1=Dennis D. McCarthy|author1=P. Kenneth Seidelmann|publisher=Wiley-VCH|place=|isbn=352740780}}</ref> | |||
Sinds [[1905]] worden er tijdsein signalen uitgezonden via de radio.<ref name="Burns04">{{citation|date=2005|title=Communications: an international history of the formative years|author1=R.W. Burns|publisher=IET|place=|isbn=0863413277}}</ref> Er zijn speciale tijdseinzenders over de hele wereld. | |||
==Tijdseinzenders op de langegolf== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! width="60pt"|Zender | |||
! width="25pt"|[[Lijst van ITU gebiedscodes|ITU]] | |||
! width="175pt"|Locatie | |||
! width="145pt"|Coördinaten | |||
! width="60pt"|Frequentie | |||
! width="60pt"|Vermogen | |||
! width="160pt"|Opmerking | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| BPC | |||
| CHN | |||
| Shangqiu City, Henan, China | |||
| | |||
| 68,5 kHz | |||
| | |||
| Ontvangers moeten een licentie hebben.<ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref> | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| [[DCF77]] <ref name="DCF77">http://www.ptb.de/cms/en/fachabteilungen/abt4/fb-44/ag-442/dissemination-of-legal-time/dcf77.html</ref><ref name="DCF77a">http://www.dcf77.de/</ref> | |||
| D | |||
| Mainflingen, Duitsland | |||
| 50° 0′ 56″ N, 9° 0′ 39″ O | |||
| 77,5 kHz | |||
| 50 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| [[GBR (tijdseinzender)|GBZ]] | |||
| G | |||
| Rugby, Verenigd Koninkrijk | |||
| | |||
| 16,6 kHz | |||
| | |||
| Reserve voor GBR. | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| HBG <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref> | |||
| SUI | |||
| Prangins, Zwitserland | |||
| 46° 24′ 30,2″ N, 6° 15′ 10,1″ O | |||
| 75 kHz | |||
| 20 kW | |||
| Sinds 1 januari 2012 buiten bedrijf. | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="2"|JJY <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref> <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref> | |||
| rowspan="2"|J | |||
| Fukushima, Japan | |||
| | |||
| 40 kHz | |||
| 50 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| Fukuoka, Japan | |||
| | |||
| 60 kHz | |||
| 50 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| MSF <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref> | |||
| G | |||
| Anthorn, Verenigd Koninkrijk | |||
| 54.91°N, 3.28°W | |||
| 60 kHz | |||
| 15 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| OMA <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref><ref name="zcu">http://home.zcu.cz/~poupa/oma50.html</ref> | |||
| CZE | |||
| Podebray, Tjechië | |||
| 50° 08' N, 15° 08' O | |||
| 50 kHz | |||
| 50 kW | |||
| In bedrijf van april 1958 tot voorjaar 1995. | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| RTZ <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref> | |||
| RUS | |||
| Irkutsk, Rusland | |||
| 52° 18' N, 104° 18' O | |||
| 50 kHz | |||
| 10 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| RBU <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref> | |||
| RUS | |||
| Moskou, Rusland | |||
| 55° 19' N, 38° 41' O | |||
| 66,66 kHz | |||
| 10 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="5"|UQC3 <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| rowspan="5"|RUS | |||
| rowspan="5"|Khabarovsk, Rusland | |||
| rowspan="5"|48° 30' N 134° 51' O | |||
| 20.5 kHz | |||
| 300 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 25 kHz | |||
| 300 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 25,1 kHz | |||
| 300 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 25.5 kHz | |||
| 300 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 23 kHz | |||
| 300 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="5"|UTR3 <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| rowspan="5"|RUS | |||
| rowspan="5"|Gorki, Rusland | |||
| rowspan="5"|56° 11' N 43° 58' O | |||
| 20.5 kHz | |||
| 300 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 25 kHz | |||
| 300 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 25,1 kHz | |||
| 300 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 25.5 kHz | |||
| 300 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 23 kHz | |||
| 300 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| WWVB <ref name="RTS">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/lf-clocks/</ref><ref name="WWVB">http://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/grp40/wwvb.cfm</ref> | |||
| USA | |||
| Ft. Collins, Colorado, Verenigde Staten | |||
| 40° 40' N, 105° 03' W | |||
| 60 kHz | |||
| 50 kW | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
==Tijdseinzenders op de kortegolf== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! width="60pt"|Zender | |||
! width="25pt"|[[Lijst van ITU gebiedscodes|ITU]] | |||
! width="175pt"|Locatie | |||
! width="145pt"|Coördinaten | |||
! width="60pt"|Frequentie | |||
! width="60pt"|Vermogen | |||
! width="160pt"|Opmerking | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="3"|ATA <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| rowspan="3"|IND | |||
| rowspan="3"|New Dehli, India | |||
| rowspan="3"|28° 34' N, 77° 19' O | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| 8 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 10.000 kHz | |||
| 8 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 15.000 kHz | |||
| 8 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="3"|BPM <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| rowspan="3"|CHN | |||
| rowspan="3"|Pucheng, China | |||
| rowspan="3"|35° 00' N, 109° 31' O | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| 10-20 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 10.000 kHz | |||
| 10-20 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 15.000 kHz | |||
| 10-20 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="2"|BSF <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref> | |||
| rowspan="2"|TWN | |||
| rowspan="2"|Chung-Li, Taiwan | |||
| rowspan="2"| | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 15.000 kHz | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="3"|CHU <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref> | |||
| rowspan="3"|CAN | |||
| rowspan="3"|Ottawa, Canada | |||
| rowspan="3"|45° 18' N, 75° 45' W | |||
| 3.330 kHz | |||
| 3 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 7.335 kHz | |||
| 10 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 14.670 kHz | |||
| 3 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="2"|EBC <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| rowspan="2"|E | |||
| rowspan="2"|San Fernando, Spanje | |||
| rowspan="2"|36° 28' N, 06° 12' W | |||
| 6.840 kHz | |||
| 1 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 12.008 kHz | |||
| 1 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| FFH <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| CHN | |||
| Parijs, Frankrijk | |||
| 48° 33' N, 02°34' O | |||
| 2.500 kHz | |||
| 5 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| HLA <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref> | |||
| KOR | |||
| Taejon, Zuid-Korea | |||
| | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| HD2IOA <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref> | |||
| EQA | |||
| Guayaquil, Equador | |||
| | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| IAM <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| I | |||
| Rome, Italië | |||
| 41° 47' N, 12° 27' O | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| 1 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| IBF <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| I | |||
| Turijn, Italië | |||
| 45° 02' N, 07° 46' O | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| 5 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="4"|JJY <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| rowspan="4"|J | |||
| rowspan="4"|Tokio, Japan | |||
| rowspan="4"|36° 11' N, 139° 51' O | |||
| 2.500 kHz | |||
| 2 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| 2 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 10.000 kHz | |||
| 2 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 15.000 kHz | |||
| 2 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="3"|LOL <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref> | |||
| rowspan="3"|ARG | |||
| rowspan="3"|Buenos Aires, Argentinië | |||
| rowspan="3"|34° 37' N, 58° 21' W | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| 2 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 10.000 kHz | |||
| 2 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 15.000 kHz | |||
| 2 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="3"|MSF <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| rowspan="3"|G | |||
| rowspan="3"|Rugby, Verenigd Koninkrijk | |||
| rowspan="3"|52° 22' N, 01° 11' W | |||
| 2.500 kHz | |||
| 5 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| 5 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 10.000 kHz | |||
| 5 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| OMA <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| CZE | |||
| Praag, Tjechië | |||
| 50° 07' N, 14° 35' O | |||
| 2.500 kHz | |||
| 1 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| PPE <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref> | |||
| B | |||
| Rio de Janeiro, Brazilië | |||
| | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| RCH <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| UZB | |||
| Tashkent, Oezbekistan | |||
| 41° 19' N, 69° 15' O | |||
| 2.500 kHz | |||
| 1 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="3"|RID <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| rowspan="3"|RUS | |||
| rowspan="3"|Irkutsk, Rusland | |||
| rowspan="3"|52° 46' N, 102° 39' O | |||
| 5.004 kHz | |||
| 1 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 10.004 kHz | |||
| 1 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 15.004 kHz | |||
| 1 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="2"|RIM <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| rowspan="2"|UZB | |||
| rowspan="2"|Tashkent, Oezbekistan | |||
| rowspan="2"|41° 19' N, 69° 15' O | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| 1 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 10.000 kHz | |||
| 1 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="3"|RWM <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref> | |||
| rowspan="3"|RUS | |||
| rowspan="3"|Moskou, Rusland | |||
| rowspan="3"|55° 19' N, 38° 41' O | |||
| 4.996 kHz | |||
| 5 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 9.996 kHz | |||
| 5 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 14.996 kHz | |||
| 8 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="5"|VNG <ref name="Klingenfuss2002">{{citation|date=2002|title=2002 Guide to Utility Radio Stations (20th Edition)|author1=J. Klingenfuss|author1=P. Kenneth Seidelmann|publisher=[http://www.klingenfuss.de Klingenfuss]|place=|isbn=3924509026}}</ref> | |||
| rowspan="5"|AUS | |||
| rowspan="5"|Shanes Park, NSW, Australië | |||
| rowspan="5"| | |||
| 2.500 kHz | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 8.638 kHz | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 12.984 kHz | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 16.000 kHz | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="5"|WWVH <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| rowspan="5"|USA | |||
| rowspan="5"|Fort Collins, Verenigde Staten | |||
| rowspan="5"|40° 41' N, 105° 02' W | |||
| 2.500 kHz | |||
| 2,5 / 10 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| 2,5 / 10 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 10.000 kHz | |||
| 2,5 / 10 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 15.000 kHz | |||
| 2,5 / 10 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 20.000 kHz | |||
| 2,5 / 10 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="4"|WWVH <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| rowspan="4"|USA | |||
| rowspan="4"|Hawaii, Verenigde Staten | |||
| rowspan="4"|21° 59' N, 159° 46' W | |||
| 2.500 kHz | |||
| 2,5 / 10 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| 2,5 / 10 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 10.000 kHz | |||
| 2,5 / 10 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 15.000 kHz | |||
| 2,5 / 10 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| YVTO <ref name="Spezial Frequenzliste">{{citation|date=2011|title=Spezial Frequenzliste 2011/12|author1=Michael Marten|publisher=Siebel Verlag|isbn=9783881806923}}</ref> | |||
| VEN | |||
| Caracas, Venezuela | |||
| | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| rowspan="3"|ZUO <ref name="heret">http://www.heret.de/funkuhr/liste.htm</ref> | |||
| rowspan="3"|AFS | |||
| rowspan="3"|Pretoria, Zuid-Afrika | |||
| rowspan="3"|24° 58' S, 28° 14' O | |||
| 2.500 kHz | |||
| 4 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 5.000 kHz | |||
| 4 kW | |||
| | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top" | |||
| 10.000 kHz | |||
| 4 kW | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
== Referenties == | |||
<references/> | |||
==Naslag voor research== | ==Naslag voor research== |